Basic knowledge of heading.die
Chapter 1 metric
The length of the world today, there are two major units of measurement, a for the metric system, units of measurement for the meter (m), centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm) and so on, in Europe, China and Japan in Southeast Asia to use more, and the other British species, the main unit of measurement for the inch (inch), equivalent to China's old system of city-inch, in the United States, Britain and other European and American countries use more.
1, Metric Measurement: (10 M)
1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
1 cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 mm
2, Imperial measurement: (8 M)
1 inch = 8-British sub-1 inch = 25.4 mm 3 / 8 × 25.4 = 9.52
1 / 16 3 / 16 5 / 16 7 / 16 9 / 16 11/16 13/16 15/16
0 1 / 8 1 / 4 3 / 8 1 / 2 5 / 8 3 / 4 7 / 8 1 inch
3,1 / 4 products with the following code to indicate its title track, such as:
4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #, 8 #, 10 #, 12 #
Chapter II Thread
A thread is a solid or the inner surface of the outer surface of the cross-section, a uniform shape protruding helix. According to their structural characteristics and uses can be divided into three categories:
(A), the general thread: for the triangular-shaped teeth for connecting or fastening parts. Common thread is divided into coarse teeth by the pitch and fine threads of two teeth, small teeth of the connecting thread a higher intensity.
(B), transmission thread: conodonts have a trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular-shaped, such as sawing.
(C), sealing thread: for sealed connections, mainly useful thread, taper thread pipe thread and the cone.
Second, with the level of thread:
Together with the rotary screw is loose or tight between thread size, with the role of the hierarchy is the thread on the inside and outside the provisions of deviation and tolerance combinations.
(A), of a unified British thread, external thread threaded three grades: 1A, 2A and 3A level, there are three levels within the thread:
1B, 2B and 3B-class, all with the gap. The higher the rating figures, coupled with tightening. Thread in English, the deviation is only provided for 1A and 2A level, 3A-class bias to zero, and the 1A and 2A grade level, are equivalent to deviation.
The smaller the number the greater the tolerance level, as shown:
1B 2B 3B Thread
Basic diameter
3A outside thread
2A
1A
1,1 A and 1B class, a very loose tolerance level, it applies to both inside and outside the thread with the Tolerance.
2,2 A and 2B class, is the British series of mechanical fasteners provides the most common thread tolerance level.
3,3 A and 3B level, rotating together with the formation of the tight, tight tolerances for fasteners for use in safety critical design.
4, external thread is, 1A and 2A there is a tie in with the tolerance level, 3A-class did not. 1A tolerance level tolerance level than 2A large 50%, more than 75% of large class 3A, for the internal thread, 2B than 2A tolerance level tolerance 30%. 1B-class than the 50 percent scale 2B, 3B scale than 75%.
(B), metric thread, external thread threaded three levels: 4h, 6h and 6g, there are three thread Thread rating: 5H, 6 H, 7H. (Standard thread on the accuracy level is divided into I, II, III levels, usually under conditions of class II) in the metric system in the thread, H and h the basic error of zero. G basic positive deviation, e, f and g of the basic bias is negative. As shown:
G tolerance
H Thread
Basic diameter deviation
Outside thread
f g h
e
1, H is the common thread within the location tolerance zone, the general need for surface coating, or thin layer of phosphate. G location for special occasions, the basic bias, such as the thickness of the coating, generally little used.
2, g is used to plating of 6-9um thin coating, such as product drawings 6h bolt requirements, and its pre-plated thread of tolerance with the use of 6g.
3, into a thread with the best combination of H / g, H / h, or G / h, for bolts, nuts and other fine thread fasteners, standard recommended 6H/6g with.
(C), thread tags
M10 × 1-5g 6g M10 × 1-6H
Tolerance code diameter diameter diameter and tolerance code (the same)
Diameter tolerance code
Third, mechanical screw geometry of the main parameters:
(A), large diameter / tooth diameter (D, d): for the outside or inside thread screw top teeth teeth overlap the end of the diameter of the imaginary cylinder. Basic representative of large diameter screw thread diameter of the nominal size.
(B), diameter (D2, d2): D2 = d2 = D (d)-2x3H / 8, where H is the original high-triangle:
H = (√ 3 / 2) P = 0.866025P (60O Asan angle); H = 0.960491P (55 O Asan Kok)
(C), path / teeth bottom diameter (D1, d1): for the outside or inside thread screw top teeth teeth overlap the top of the diameter of the imaginary cylinder.
(D), pitch (P): for the diameter of adjacent teeth in the online counterpart of the axial distance between two points or adjacent the two adjacent teeth Asan or the distance between Valley. In English in every inch (25.4 mm) within a few teeth from the teeth to show (following table).
Teeth from the standard specifications that
Call
Drive a few teeth
Coarse teeth tooth fine fine fine teeth teeth teeth coarse teeth Webster
M3 0.5 0.35 4 # 2.9 40 48
M4 0.7 0.5 6 # 3.5 32 40
M5 0.8 0.5 8 # 4.2 32 36
M6 1.0 0.75 10 # 4.8 24 32
M7 1.0 0.75 12 # 5.5 24 28
M8 1.25 1.0 0.75 1 / 4 6.35 20 28 20
M10 1.5 1.25 1.0 5 / 16 7.94 18 24 18
M12 1.75 1.5 1.25 3 / 8 9.53 16 24 16
M14 2.0 1.5 1.0 7 / 16 11.11 14 20 14
M16 2.0 1.5 1.0 1 / 2 12.7 13 20 12
M18 2.5 2.0 1.5 9 / 16 14.29 12 18 12
M20 2.5 2.0 1.5 5 / 8 15.86 11 18 11
M22 2.5 2.0 1.5 3 / 4 19.05 10 16 10
M24 3.0 2.0 1.5 7 / 8 22.23 9 14 9
M27 3.0 2.0 1.5 1 25.40 8 12 8
M30 3.5 3.0 2.0
(E), tooth-type half-angle (α / 2): teeth side of the vertical axis and the thread angle between the ordinary screw-type half-angle for teeth 60O / 2, Webster teeth (BSW) thread tooth-type half-angle for the 55O / 2 . Asan general perspective of wood screws for 60 O, afterpeak angle 60O.
(F), the length of thread combined spin: two matching thread along the thread axis together each part of the length of rotation.
Fourth, self-tapping, self drilling screw of the main geometric parameters:
(A), large diameter / tooth diameter (d1), for screw top teeth overlap the diameter of the imaginary cylinder. On behalf of large diameter screw thread size of the basic public
Diameter.
(B), path / teeth bottom diameter (d2): for thread tooth at the end of the coincidence of the imaginary cylinder diameter.
(C), away from the teeth (p): for the adjacent teeth as in the corresponding line of the axial distance between two points. In English in every inch (25.4
mm) with a few teeth from the teeth to show.
The following table lists frequently used specifications from the teeth (metric) the number of teeth (British)
1, the metric system since the tapping:
Specifications S T 1.5 S T
1.9 S T
2.2 S T
2.6 S T
2.9 S T
3.3 S T
3.5 S T
3.9 S T
4.2 S T
4.8 S T
5.5 S T
6.3 S T
8.0 S T
9.5
Teeth from the 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1
2, English self-tapping:
Specification 4 # 5 # 6 # 7 # 8 # 10 # 12 # 14 #
Teeth
AB tooth number 24 20 20 19 18 16 14 14
A tooth 24 20 18 16 15 12 11 10
3, S wallboard screws on:
Specifications 6 # 7 # 8 # 10 #
The number of coarse teeth 9 9 9 8
Teeth from the 2.82 2.82 2.82 3.18
Number of small teeth 18 16 15 12
Teeth from the 1.41 1.59 1.69 2.11
4, machine screws (mechanical teeth):
Metric specifications (from teeth) English (tooth number)
M2.5 M3 M3.5 M4 M5 M6 M8 4 # 5 # 6 # 8 # 10 # 12 # 1 / 4
Coarse teeth 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 40 40 32 32 24 24 20
Small teeth 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0 48 44 40 36 32 28 28
5, drilling screws: drilling screws have a CSD (mechanical teeth), BSD (self-tapping dental AB) two. Away from their teeth or
The number of teeth can be a reference machine screws (CSD teeth) and self-tapping screws (BSD teeth).
(D), Asan afterpeak angle and perspective: Asan flank angle and the angle between the side teeth, pointed tail pointed to the end of thread.
1, self-tapping: Asan angle 60O, afterpeak angle 45 O ± 5 O.
2, wallboard nails: Asan angle 60O, (customers can also request the production, such as 45 O ± 5 O) afterpeak angle 25 O ± 3O.
3, splint nail: (Chip board screws) Asan angle 40 O ± 3 O, afterpeak angle 25O ± 3 O or 34O ± 3O (customer specific requirements).
4, drilling screws: Asan angle 60 O ± 5 O, the tail of the products with different specifications for different types of folders selected the end of the needle, clip the end of the main geometric parameters for the folder and out the end of the volume of track.
Chapter III Materials
First, the current market standard parts are mainly carbon steel, stainless steel, copper three materials.
(A) carbon steel. Carbon Steel Materials, we distinguish between the carbon content of low-carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel and alloy steel.
1, low-carbon steel C% ≤ 0.25% of domestic steel is often referred to as A3. 1008,1015,1018,1022, such as basic as abroad. 4.8 is mainly used 4 bolts and nuts, screws and other small non-hardness products. (Note: the main nail drilling 1022 material.)
2, medium carbon steel 0.25% <C% ≤ 0.45% home often referred to as 35, 45 steel, the basic abroad as 1035, CH38F, 1039,40 ACR, etc.. 8 used nuts, bolts and 8.8 Hexagon 8.8 products.
3, high-carbon steel C%> 0.45%. Currently on the market basically did not use
4, alloy steel: the carbon steel alloying elements added to increase the number of special properties of steel: 35,40, such as Cr-Mo, SCM435, 10B38. The main use of screw-fang sheng SCM435 Cr-Mo alloy steel, major components are C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo.
(B) stainless steel. Performance levels: 45,50,60,70,80
Mainly austenite (18% Cr, 8% Ni) good heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, good solderability. A1, A2, A4
Martensite, 13% Cr poor corrosion resistance, high strength, good wear resistance. C1, C2, C4 ferritic stainless steel. Upsetting 18% Cr better corrosion resistance than martensitic. Imports of materials currently on the market products mainly in Japan. Mainly by the level of SUS302, SUS304, SUS316.
(C) copper. ... Commonly used material for brass zinc copper alloy. Market, the main H62, H65, H68 standard copper do.
Second, carbon steel plate products used in element:
Number of material types can be selected
1 4.8 hexagon bolt 1008K 1010 1015K
2 6.8 hexagon bolt 1032 1035 1040 CH38F 1039
3 8.8 hexagon bolt 1035ACR (M10 below) 1040ACR (M12 and above) CH38F 1045ACR 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38
4 8.8 Hexagon bolt CH38F 1039 10B21 (M10-M12) 10B33 (M14) 10B38 (M12-M24) 10B21
5 10.9 hexagon bolt 1045ACR 10B38
Grade 6 │ 8 │ nut 1008K 1010
7 8 nut 1015 (M <16) CH38F (M ≥ 16)
8 10 nut CH38F 1039 10B21 10B33
9 12 nut 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38
10 carriage screw 1008 1010 1015
11 Hexagon bolt convex edge CH38F 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38
12 Hexagon wood screws 1008K 1010
13 self-tapping screws, panel screws
Drilling screw, nail splint 1018 1022 CH22A
14 machine screws Furniture screws 10,081,010
Third, various kinds of material elements on the properties of steel:
1, carbon (C): increase the strength of steel, especially its treatment performance, but with the increase in carbon content, plasticity and toughness decreased, and will affect the cold-heading steel parts and welding performance properties.
2, manganese (Mn): increase the strength of steel and, to some extent on the increase of quenching. Increase in quenching the intensity of infiltration of the hardened, manganese can also improve the surface quality, but too much manganese and welding on the scalability of the negative. And when the coating will affect the control of electroplating.
3, nickel (Ni): increase the strength of steel to improve the low temperature toughness, the ability to improve atmospheric corrosion resistance and the effect of heat treatment to ensure stability and reduce the role of hydrogen embrittlement.
4, chromium (Cr): to enhance hardenability, and to improve the wear resistance and improve corrosion resistance and high temperature is conducive to maintaining the strength.
5, molybdenum (Mo): can help control quenching and tempering steel to reduce the sensitivity of brittle, to improve the high temperature has great influence on the tensile strength.
6, Boron (B): to enhance the hardenability of, and help to make low-carbon steel to produce the desired heat treatment response.
7, alumina (V): refinement of austenite grain and improve the toughness.
8, silicon (Si): to ensure the strength of steel pieces, the appropriate pieces of content can improve the plasticity and toughness of steel.
Fourth, with regard to the characteristics of stainless steel profile (304,316)
(A) of the three types of material are 300 series of austenitic stainless steel, its chemical composition is as follows:
The name of C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cu
304M ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.91-10.0 18.0-20.0 0 0
316 ≤ 0.03-0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 0
304HC ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.0-10.5 17.0-19.0 0 1.0-3.0
(B) the main chemical components of the relationship between performance and stainless steel.
1, C C can increase the hardness and strength, the content is too high will reduce the ductility and corrosion resistance
2, chromium Cr increases corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, so that refined grain products to increase strength, hardness and wear resistance
3, Ni-Ni to increase high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, reduce the rate of cold hardening
4, Mo Mo increase the intensity of the oxides and the corrosion resistance of the water quality
5, in favor of cold forming copper Cu, lower magnetic
(C) of the other properties of materials
1, more than normal non-magnetic material. 304M slightly magnetic after cold working (1.6u-2.0u around); 304HC magnetic properties for (1.01u-1.6u around); 316 magnetic material after cold working is less than 1.01u.
2, the material has good scalability and easy to cold forming, tensile strength, yield strength, can meet the requirement. (Ts tensile strength min 700N/mm, Ys yield strength min 450N/mm)
(D) Conclusion
1,304 M, 304HC, 316 three kinds of materials is the use of 300 series austenitic stainless steel, one of the most widely material. Significant difference in the material as follows: magnetic material for the post-cold 316 <304HC <304M. 316 anti-material chemical corrosion, pitting corrosion resistance and anti-corrosion properties of sea water in relation to the fine to 304M and 304HC.
2, short, stainless steel fasteners for corrosion-resistant properties, aesthetics, public health, but its strength and hardness of carbon steel under normal circumstances is equivalent to (6.8) it should be of stainless steel products can not be hit, hit, attention to preserve its surface finish, accuracy, and the use of carbon steel and can not be arbitrarily imposed on the power products, application of force should not be too large, at the same time due to ductility of stainless steel, and in the use of steel scrap generated easily stick to teeth nut level, the increase of Sassafras Mount, and easily lead to deadlock , and the use of iron-carbon steel have also fallen, even if, as opposed to hard-lock stainless steel.
The length of the world today, there are two major units of measurement, a for the metric system, units of measurement for the meter (m), centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm) and so on, in Europe, China and Japan in Southeast Asia to use more, and the other British species, the main unit of measurement for the inch (inch), equivalent to China's old system of city-inch, in the United States, Britain and other European and American countries use more.
1, Metric Measurement: (10 M)
1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
1 cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 mm
2, Imperial measurement: (8 M)
1 inch = 8-British sub-1 inch = 25.4 mm 3 / 8 × 25.4 = 9.52
1 / 16 3 / 16 5 / 16 7 / 16 9 / 16 11/16 13/16 15/16
0 1 / 8 1 / 4 3 / 8 1 / 2 5 / 8 3 / 4 7 / 8 1 inch
3,1 / 4 products with the following code to indicate its title track, such as:
4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #, 8 #, 10 #, 12 #
Chapter II Thread
A thread is a solid or the inner surface of the outer surface of the cross-section, a uniform shape protruding helix. According to their structural characteristics and uses can be divided into three categories:
(A), the general thread: for the triangular-shaped teeth for connecting or fastening parts. Common thread is divided into coarse teeth by the pitch and fine threads of two teeth, small teeth of the connecting thread a higher intensity.
(B), transmission thread: conodonts have a trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular-shaped, such as sawing.
(C), sealing thread: for sealed connections, mainly useful thread, taper thread pipe thread and the cone.
Second, with the level of thread:
Together with the rotary screw is loose or tight between thread size, with the role of the hierarchy is the thread on the inside and outside the provisions of deviation and tolerance combinations.
(A), of a unified British thread, external thread threaded three grades: 1A, 2A and 3A level, there are three levels within the thread:
1B, 2B and 3B-class, all with the gap. The higher the rating figures, coupled with tightening. Thread in English, the deviation is only provided for 1A and 2A level, 3A-class bias to zero, and the 1A and 2A grade level, are equivalent to deviation.
The smaller the number the greater the tolerance level, as shown:
1B 2B 3B Thread
Basic diameter
3A outside thread
2A
1A
1,1 A and 1B class, a very loose tolerance level, it applies to both inside and outside the thread with the Tolerance.
2,2 A and 2B class, is the British series of mechanical fasteners provides the most common thread tolerance level.
3,3 A and 3B level, rotating together with the formation of the tight, tight tolerances for fasteners for use in safety critical design.
4, external thread is, 1A and 2A there is a tie in with the tolerance level, 3A-class did not. 1A tolerance level tolerance level than 2A large 50%, more than 75% of large class 3A, for the internal thread, 2B than 2A tolerance level tolerance 30%. 1B-class than the 50 percent scale 2B, 3B scale than 75%.
(B), metric thread, external thread threaded three levels: 4h, 6h and 6g, there are three thread Thread rating: 5H, 6 H, 7H. (Standard thread on the accuracy level is divided into I, II, III levels, usually under conditions of class II) in the metric system in the thread, H and h the basic error of zero. G basic positive deviation, e, f and g of the basic bias is negative. As shown:
G tolerance
H Thread
Basic diameter deviation
Outside thread
f g h
e
1, H is the common thread within the location tolerance zone, the general need for surface coating, or thin layer of phosphate. G location for special occasions, the basic bias, such as the thickness of the coating, generally little used.
2, g is used to plating of 6-9um thin coating, such as product drawings 6h bolt requirements, and its pre-plated thread of tolerance with the use of 6g.
3, into a thread with the best combination of H / g, H / h, or G / h, for bolts, nuts and other fine thread fasteners, standard recommended 6H/6g with.
(C), thread tags
M10 × 1-5g 6g M10 × 1-6H
Tolerance code diameter diameter diameter and tolerance code (the same)
Diameter tolerance code
Third, mechanical screw geometry of the main parameters:
(A), large diameter / tooth diameter (D, d): for the outside or inside thread screw top teeth teeth overlap the end of the diameter of the imaginary cylinder. Basic representative of large diameter screw thread diameter of the nominal size.
(B), diameter (D2, d2): D2 = d2 = D (d)-2x3H / 8, where H is the original high-triangle:
H = (√ 3 / 2) P = 0.866025P (60O Asan angle); H = 0.960491P (55 O Asan Kok)
(C), path / teeth bottom diameter (D1, d1): for the outside or inside thread screw top teeth teeth overlap the top of the diameter of the imaginary cylinder.
(D), pitch (P): for the diameter of adjacent teeth in the online counterpart of the axial distance between two points or adjacent the two adjacent teeth Asan or the distance between Valley. In English in every inch (25.4 mm) within a few teeth from the teeth to show (following table).
Teeth from the standard specifications that
Call
Drive a few teeth
Coarse teeth tooth fine fine fine teeth teeth teeth coarse teeth Webster
M3 0.5 0.35 4 # 2.9 40 48
M4 0.7 0.5 6 # 3.5 32 40
M5 0.8 0.5 8 # 4.2 32 36
M6 1.0 0.75 10 # 4.8 24 32
M7 1.0 0.75 12 # 5.5 24 28
M8 1.25 1.0 0.75 1 / 4 6.35 20 28 20
M10 1.5 1.25 1.0 5 / 16 7.94 18 24 18
M12 1.75 1.5 1.25 3 / 8 9.53 16 24 16
M14 2.0 1.5 1.0 7 / 16 11.11 14 20 14
M16 2.0 1.5 1.0 1 / 2 12.7 13 20 12
M18 2.5 2.0 1.5 9 / 16 14.29 12 18 12
M20 2.5 2.0 1.5 5 / 8 15.86 11 18 11
M22 2.5 2.0 1.5 3 / 4 19.05 10 16 10
M24 3.0 2.0 1.5 7 / 8 22.23 9 14 9
M27 3.0 2.0 1.5 1 25.40 8 12 8
M30 3.5 3.0 2.0
(E), tooth-type half-angle (α / 2): teeth side of the vertical axis and the thread angle between the ordinary screw-type half-angle for teeth 60O / 2, Webster teeth (BSW) thread tooth-type half-angle for the 55O / 2 . Asan general perspective of wood screws for 60 O, afterpeak angle 60O.
(F), the length of thread combined spin: two matching thread along the thread axis together each part of the length of rotation.
Fourth, self-tapping, self drilling screw of the main geometric parameters:
(A), large diameter / tooth diameter (d1), for screw top teeth overlap the diameter of the imaginary cylinder. On behalf of large diameter screw thread size of the basic public
Diameter.
(B), path / teeth bottom diameter (d2): for thread tooth at the end of the coincidence of the imaginary cylinder diameter.
(C), away from the teeth (p): for the adjacent teeth as in the corresponding line of the axial distance between two points. In English in every inch (25.4
mm) with a few teeth from the teeth to show.
The following table lists frequently used specifications from the teeth (metric) the number of teeth (British)
1, the metric system since the tapping:
Specifications S T 1.5 S T
1.9 S T
2.2 S T
2.6 S T
2.9 S T
3.3 S T
3.5 S T
3.9 S T
4.2 S T
4.8 S T
5.5 S T
6.3 S T
8.0 S T
9.5
Teeth from the 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1
2, English self-tapping:
Specification 4 # 5 # 6 # 7 # 8 # 10 # 12 # 14 #
Teeth
AB tooth number 24 20 20 19 18 16 14 14
A tooth 24 20 18 16 15 12 11 10
3, S wallboard screws on:
Specifications 6 # 7 # 8 # 10 #
The number of coarse teeth 9 9 9 8
Teeth from the 2.82 2.82 2.82 3.18
Number of small teeth 18 16 15 12
Teeth from the 1.41 1.59 1.69 2.11
4, machine screws (mechanical teeth):
Metric specifications (from teeth) English (tooth number)
M2.5 M3 M3.5 M4 M5 M6 M8 4 # 5 # 6 # 8 # 10 # 12 # 1 / 4
Coarse teeth 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 40 40 32 32 24 24 20
Small teeth 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0 48 44 40 36 32 28 28
5, drilling screws: drilling screws have a CSD (mechanical teeth), BSD (self-tapping dental AB) two. Away from their teeth or
The number of teeth can be a reference machine screws (CSD teeth) and self-tapping screws (BSD teeth).
(D), Asan afterpeak angle and perspective: Asan flank angle and the angle between the side teeth, pointed tail pointed to the end of thread.
1, self-tapping: Asan angle 60O, afterpeak angle 45 O ± 5 O.
2, wallboard nails: Asan angle 60O, (customers can also request the production, such as 45 O ± 5 O) afterpeak angle 25 O ± 3O.
3, splint nail: (Chip board screws) Asan angle 40 O ± 3 O, afterpeak angle 25O ± 3 O or 34O ± 3O (customer specific requirements).
4, drilling screws: Asan angle 60 O ± 5 O, the tail of the products with different specifications for different types of folders selected the end of the needle, clip the end of the main geometric parameters for the folder and out the end of the volume of track.
Chapter III Materials
First, the current market standard parts are mainly carbon steel, stainless steel, copper three materials.
(A) carbon steel. Carbon Steel Materials, we distinguish between the carbon content of low-carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel and alloy steel.
1, low-carbon steel C% ≤ 0.25% of domestic steel is often referred to as A3. 1008,1015,1018,1022, such as basic as abroad. 4.8 is mainly used 4 bolts and nuts, screws and other small non-hardness products. (Note: the main nail drilling 1022 material.)
2, medium carbon steel 0.25% <C% ≤ 0.45% home often referred to as 35, 45 steel, the basic abroad as 1035, CH38F, 1039,40 ACR, etc.. 8 used nuts, bolts and 8.8 Hexagon 8.8 products.
3, high-carbon steel C%> 0.45%. Currently on the market basically did not use
4, alloy steel: the carbon steel alloying elements added to increase the number of special properties of steel: 35,40, such as Cr-Mo, SCM435, 10B38. The main use of screw-fang sheng SCM435 Cr-Mo alloy steel, major components are C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo.
(B) stainless steel. Performance levels: 45,50,60,70,80
Mainly austenite (18% Cr, 8% Ni) good heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, good solderability. A1, A2, A4
Martensite, 13% Cr poor corrosion resistance, high strength, good wear resistance. C1, C2, C4 ferritic stainless steel. Upsetting 18% Cr better corrosion resistance than martensitic. Imports of materials currently on the market products mainly in Japan. Mainly by the level of SUS302, SUS304, SUS316.
(C) copper. ... Commonly used material for brass zinc copper alloy. Market, the main H62, H65, H68 standard copper do.
Second, carbon steel plate products used in element:
Number of material types can be selected
1 4.8 hexagon bolt 1008K 1010 1015K
2 6.8 hexagon bolt 1032 1035 1040 CH38F 1039
3 8.8 hexagon bolt 1035ACR (M10 below) 1040ACR (M12 and above) CH38F 1045ACR 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38
4 8.8 Hexagon bolt CH38F 1039 10B21 (M10-M12) 10B33 (M14) 10B38 (M12-M24) 10B21
5 10.9 hexagon bolt 1045ACR 10B38
Grade 6 │ 8 │ nut 1008K 1010
7 8 nut 1015 (M <16) CH38F (M ≥ 16)
8 10 nut CH38F 1039 10B21 10B33
9 12 nut 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38
10 carriage screw 1008 1010 1015
11 Hexagon bolt convex edge CH38F 1039 10B21 10B33 10B38
12 Hexagon wood screws 1008K 1010
13 self-tapping screws, panel screws
Drilling screw, nail splint 1018 1022 CH22A
14 machine screws Furniture screws 10,081,010
Third, various kinds of material elements on the properties of steel:
1, carbon (C): increase the strength of steel, especially its treatment performance, but with the increase in carbon content, plasticity and toughness decreased, and will affect the cold-heading steel parts and welding performance properties.
2, manganese (Mn): increase the strength of steel and, to some extent on the increase of quenching. Increase in quenching the intensity of infiltration of the hardened, manganese can also improve the surface quality, but too much manganese and welding on the scalability of the negative. And when the coating will affect the control of electroplating.
3, nickel (Ni): increase the strength of steel to improve the low temperature toughness, the ability to improve atmospheric corrosion resistance and the effect of heat treatment to ensure stability and reduce the role of hydrogen embrittlement.
4, chromium (Cr): to enhance hardenability, and to improve the wear resistance and improve corrosion resistance and high temperature is conducive to maintaining the strength.
5, molybdenum (Mo): can help control quenching and tempering steel to reduce the sensitivity of brittle, to improve the high temperature has great influence on the tensile strength.
6, Boron (B): to enhance the hardenability of, and help to make low-carbon steel to produce the desired heat treatment response.
7, alumina (V): refinement of austenite grain and improve the toughness.
8, silicon (Si): to ensure the strength of steel pieces, the appropriate pieces of content can improve the plasticity and toughness of steel.
Fourth, with regard to the characteristics of stainless steel profile (304,316)
(A) of the three types of material are 300 series of austenitic stainless steel, its chemical composition is as follows:
The name of C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cu
304M ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.91-10.0 18.0-20.0 0 0
316 ≤ 0.03-0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 0
304HC ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.0-10.5 17.0-19.0 0 1.0-3.0
(B) the main chemical components of the relationship between performance and stainless steel.
1, C C can increase the hardness and strength, the content is too high will reduce the ductility and corrosion resistance
2, chromium Cr increases corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, so that refined grain products to increase strength, hardness and wear resistance
3, Ni-Ni to increase high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, reduce the rate of cold hardening
4, Mo Mo increase the intensity of the oxides and the corrosion resistance of the water quality
5, in favor of cold forming copper Cu, lower magnetic
(C) of the other properties of materials
1, more than normal non-magnetic material. 304M slightly magnetic after cold working (1.6u-2.0u around); 304HC magnetic properties for (1.01u-1.6u around); 316 magnetic material after cold working is less than 1.01u.
2, the material has good scalability and easy to cold forming, tensile strength, yield strength, can meet the requirement. (Ts tensile strength min 700N/mm, Ys yield strength min 450N/mm)
(D) Conclusion
1,304 M, 304HC, 316 three kinds of materials is the use of 300 series austenitic stainless steel, one of the most widely material. Significant difference in the material as follows: magnetic material for the post-cold 316 <304HC <304M. 316 anti-material chemical corrosion, pitting corrosion resistance and anti-corrosion properties of sea water in relation to the fine to 304M and 304HC.
2, short, stainless steel fasteners for corrosion-resistant properties, aesthetics, public health, but its strength and hardness of carbon steel under normal circumstances is equivalent to (6.8) it should be of stainless steel products can not be hit, hit, attention to preserve its surface finish, accuracy, and the use of carbon steel and can not be arbitrarily imposed on the power products, application of force should not be too large, at the same time due to ductility of stainless steel, and in the use of steel scrap generated easily stick to teeth nut level, the increase of Sassafras Mount, and easily lead to deadlock , and the use of iron-carbon steel have also fallen, even if, as opposed to hard-lock stainless steel.